Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphatic tissue in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Accepted Answer

It provides immune surveillance and defense against pathogens entering through the GI tract.

Question 2

A patient presents with sudden onset vomiting and diarrhea two hours after eating at a picnic. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Food poisoning due to ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins.

Question 3

Which of the following is a common virulence factor used by enteric bacteria to establish infection in the urinary tract?

Accepted Answer

Expression of fimbriae (pili) to adhere to uroepithelial cells.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between vaginosis and vaginitis?

Accepted Answer

Vaginitis involves inflammation and discharge, while vaginosis is a non-inflammatory overgrowth of bacteria.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with cystitis. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the bladder.

Question 6

Which of the following is a TORCH pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause congenital infections?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

It alternates between an infectious elementary body and a replicative reticulate body.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of the herpes virus?

Accepted Answer

It establishes latent infections in host cells.

Question 9

A patient presents with fever, chills, and a heart murmur. Blood cultures reveal the presence of Streptococcus species. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Endocarditis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the natural reservoir for the Ebola virus?

Accepted Answer

Fruit bats

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Plasmodium life cycle in humans?

Accepted Answer

Sporozoite → Liver stage → Merozoite → Erythrocytic stage → Gametocyte

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with tularemia after being bitten by a tick. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Streptomycin or gentamicin

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between bubonic and pneumonic plague?

Accepted Answer

Bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes (buboes), while pneumonic plague primarily affects the lungs.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of bile in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It emulsifies fats to aid in their digestion and absorption.

Question 15

A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is tested using a urine dipstick. Which of the following findings is most indicative of a bacterial UTI?

Accepted Answer

Presence of nitrites and leukocyte esterase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the stages of Dengue fever?

Accepted Answer

Febrile phase, critical phase, recovery phase

Question 17

Which of the following statements about Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the causative agent of mononucleosis.

Question 18

A patient develops endocarditis after a dental procedure. Which of the following best explains how this occurred?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria entered the bloodstream during the procedure and colonized the heart valves.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes how lymphatic vessels function in the body?

Accepted Answer

They absorb dietary fats and return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Question 20

A patient presents with genital warts. Which of the following pathogens is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Digestive, Urinary, and Cardiovascular System Infections: Study Guide

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