Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) if $$the volume of red blood cells is $$V_{RBC}$$ and the total blood volume is $$V_{total}$$?

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carrying oxygen from the lungs to tissues and removing carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

During erythropoiesis, which of the following changes occurs as a normoblast matures into a reticulocyte?

Accepted Answer

The cell accumulates hemoglobin and loses its nucleus

Question 3

A patient presents with jaundice and elevated unconjugated bilirubin. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Increased hemolysis leading to excess production of bilirubin

Question 4

Which laboratory test provides an index of the rate of red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Percentage of reticulocytes

Question 5

A hereditary deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) increases susceptibility to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative stress and hemolytic anemia

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) if $$the volume of red blood cells is $$V_{RBC}$$ and the total blood volume is $$V_{total}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 7

A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis. What is the most important initial nursing priority?

Accepted Answer

Providing pain management and intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration

Question 8

Which of the following statements about polycythemia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Primary polycythemia involves a proliferative disease of the bone marrow with increased RBC, WBC, and platelet counts

Question 9

Which of the following is the universal blood donor type, and why?

Accepted Answer

O-, because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens that can trigger an immune response

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin due to kidney dysfunction

Question 11

Which of the following is a hallmark laboratory finding in megaloblastic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged red blood cells due to impaired DNA synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fate of iron after red blood cell destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is recycled and used for new hemoglobin synthesis

Question 13

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops chills, fever, and chest pain. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Transfusion reaction due to ABO or Rh incompatibility

Question 14

Which of the following bones is NOT a major site of red blood cell production in adults?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why patients with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for organ failure?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of blood flow by stiff, crescent-shaped RBCs leading to tissue ischemia

Question 16

Which of the following is a common manifestation of primary polycythemia?

Accepted Answer

Splenomegaly and increased blood viscosity

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Dietary deficiency or chronic blood loss

Question 18

Which of the following statements about aging and red blood cell production is correct?

Accepted Answer

RBC production decreases due to reduced hematopoietic progenitors and growth factors

Question 19

Which of the following best describes extravascular hemolysis?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of red blood cells in the spleen due to decreased deformability

Question 20

A patient with thalassemia has decreased synthesis of globin chains. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hemoglobin synthesis leading to anemia

23 patho

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