Question 1

Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency state?

Accepted Answer

B-cell dysfunction detected in infancy

Question 2

A patient presents with recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Laboratory tests reveal low immunoglobulin levels. Which immune mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be affected in humoral immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 4

A genetic disorder affecting B lymphocytes disrupts antibody production. What is required for normal antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Stem cells and mature B cells to recognize and fight pathogens

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of a primary complement system disorder?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of recurrent swelling in hands, feet, and abdomen

Question 6

A patient with chronic granulomatous disease is most susceptible to which type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial and fungal infections

Question 7

Which hypersensitivity type is characterized by IgE-mediated reactions and rapid onset?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Question 8

A patient develops urticaria and allergic rhinitis after exposure to pollen. What is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of IgE antibodies due to genetic predisposition

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the secondary (late) phase of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Infiltration of eosinophils and tissue damage hours after exposure

Question 10

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion and develops hemolysis. Which hypersensitivity type is involved?

Accepted Answer

Type II

Question 11

Which of the following is a systemic reaction caused by immune complex deposition in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Serum sickness

Question 12

Which hypersensitivity reaction involves T-cell response and can cause delayed tissue injury, such as in contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Question 13

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of self and nonself by lymphocytes

Question 14

Which category of transplanted tissue involves a donor and recipient who are identical twins?

Accepted Answer

Syngeneic

Question 15

Before a stem cell transplant, why is the patient's bone marrow destroyed with chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To allow donor stem cells to engraft and produce new immune cells

Question 16

Which pattern of transplant rejection is most likely to occur immediately after transplantation due to pre-existing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Hyperacute rejection

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) to occur?

Accepted Answer

Recipient immunity must be strong enough to destroy transplanted cells

Question 18

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system attacking the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 19

Which mechanism of autoimmune disease involves pathogen proteins resembling self-proteins, leading to immune attack on the body's own cells?

Accepted Answer

Molecular mimicry

Question 20

Which diagnostic method is commonly used as a confirmatory test for HIV infection after a positive ELISA?

Accepted Answer

Western blot antibody detection

patho 12

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