Question 1

Which of the following is the strongest piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have their own circular DNA similar to bacterial genomes $\left(	ext{circular DNA} ight)$.

Question 2

Which of the following best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to differentiate the four kingdoms of Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a plasma membrane

Question 4

A patient presents with severe diarrhea after drinking contaminated water. Laboratory analysis reveals a protozoan with a flagellum and no chloroplasts. Which kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the main difference between animal and plant cell extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, while animal cells have an extracellular matrix rich in proteins such as collagen.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches a eukaryotic organelle with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus — modification and packaging of proteins

Question 7

A scientist is studying a eukaryotic cell and observes the following structures: nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, enables cell movement, and assists in intracellular transport.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the movement of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 10

Which evolutionary development most likely enabled the emergence of the eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition of endosymbiotic organelles such as mitochondria

Question 11

A researcher is comparing the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following differences will they most likely observe?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have linear chromosomes contained within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are generally ineffective against eukaryotic pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 14

A multicellular organism is observed to have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles. Which kingdom does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between the plasma membrane of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic plasma membranes often contain sterols, such as cholesterol, while prokaryotic membranes typically do not.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Question 17

A pathogenic protozoan is found to cause malaria in humans. Which genus does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium

Question 18

Which of the following structures is present in all eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The engulfment of aerobic bacteria led to the formation of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles that increase efficiency and allow for larger cell size.

Eukaryotic Cell Evolution, Structure, and Comparison: Study Notes for Microbiology

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