Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain a double membrane-enclosed nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and microfilaments. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP via electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein in a eukaryotic cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Motility of cilia and flagella

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It directs the synthesis and assembly of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins.

Question 6

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, which structure is responsible for the selective uptake of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Coated pits with clathrin

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a rigid covering composed of cellulose and pectin. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An algal cell

Question 8

Which of the following processes is used by lysosomes to recycle a cell's own organelles and cytoplasmic components?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 9

A eukaryotic cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the formation of coated vesicles. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate and synthesize some proteins independently.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a pellicle instead of a cell wall. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a protozoan with a flexible outer covering.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement

Question 13

A researcher isolates a eukaryotic cell and finds that it is unable to synthesize lipids. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding a central pair

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the nonselective uptake of extracellular fluid by eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Fluid-phase pinocytosis

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large number of secondary lysosomes. What does this indicate about the cell's activity?

Accepted Answer

It is actively digesting material taken up by endocytosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic ribosomes compared to prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, packages, and secretes proteins and lipids.

Question 19

A eukaryotic cell is exposed to a drug that disrupts actin polymerization. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis in a diploid eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2N \rightarrow N$$

Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Comparison with Prokaryotes

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