Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region without a membrane.

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is believed to have originated from an engulfed non-photosynthetic prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which process results in the production of four genetically unique haploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

A cell engulfs a large, undissolved particle such as a bacterium. Which transport mechanism is being used?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct equation for the number of chromosomes in daughter cells after mitosis, if the parent cell is diploid with $$2n$$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Providing tensile strength to the cell wall

Question 8

A fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, or nails is called:

Accepted Answer

Tinea

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the kingdom Protista is considered a 'catchall' kingdom?

Accepted Answer

It includes organisms that do not fit into the other eukaryotic kingdoms.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is responsible for building microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic flagella compared to prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a conidiospore?

Accepted Answer

An asexual spore formed by mitosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down substances using hydrolytic enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the cell walls of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Fungi, plants, and some protists have cell walls, but they lack peptidoglycan.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Ligand binds receptor → clathrin-coated pit forms → vesicle forms → vesicle fuses with endosome → ligand and receptor separate

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They break down fats and amino acids by oxidation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the cytoskeleton's microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

They are made of actin and facilitate movement of pseudopodia.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mycosis caused by a dermatophyte?

Accepted Answer

Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main difference between conidiospores and ascospores in fungi?

Accepted Answer

Conidiospores are asexual spores formed by mitosis, while ascospores are sexual spores formed by meiosis.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the ATP production in mitochondria during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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