Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic hypothesis, which evidence supports the bacterial origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They have their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus within the eukaryotic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 4

A eukaryotic microbe is found to lack mitochondria but contains hydrogenosomes. What metabolic process is most likely occurring in this organism?

Accepted Answer

Strictly fermentative metabolism

Question 5

Which structure in eukaryotic cells is composed of a double membrane with nuclear pores and is responsible for regulating transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Question 6

During eukaryotic cell division, which process results in the formation of four haploid cells from one diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for the chemical modification and sorting of proteins destined for secretion or for use in other membranous structures?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 8

What is the main function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and motility, and moving chromosomes during mitosis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They use a whiplike motion powered by ATP-driven dynein

Question 10

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with numerous thylakoid membranes and abundant RubisCO enzyme. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis and conversion of CO$_2$ to organic compounds

Question 11

Which equation best represents the process occurring in hydrogenosomes of anaerobic eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Pyruvate} \rightarrow \mathrm{H_2} + \mathrm{CO_2} + \mathrm{Acetate}$

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in amoeboid motility and cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 13

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein in a eukaryotic microbe. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Motility via flagella and cilia

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis and recycling of damaged cell components

Question 15

Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear membrane and is involved in lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, but depend on the cell for some proteins

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly compares eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are composed of microtubules and use ATP, while prokaryotic flagella rotate and use proton motive force

Question 18

A eukaryotic cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can be inferred about its metabolic activity?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be highly active in aerobic respiration

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the compaction and transcriptional regulation of DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

DNA is wound around histones

Question 20

Which of the following is a key enzyme found in the stroma of chloroplasts and is essential for the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

RubisCO

Eukaryotic Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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