Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

$$\text{Parent cell} \rightarrow 2 \times \text{Daughter cells}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and several linear chromosomes.

Question 2

Which supergroup of Eukarya includes organisms that are primarily autotrophic and descended from an ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium?

Accepted Answer

Archaeplastida

Question 3

A patient presents with oral thrush. Which eukaryotic microorganism is most likely responsible for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia in Paramecium (phylum Ciliophora, SAR supergroup)?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are used for locomotion and feeding.

Question 5

Which of the following fungi is most important in the production of the antibiotic penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Penicillium

Question 6

A unicellular, flagellated, photosynthetic organism that can also feed heterotrophically in the dark is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Euglena

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the cyst and trophozoite stages in protozoa?

Accepted Answer

Cyst is the active resting stage; trophozoite is the active feeding stage.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Penicillium is important in both food and pharmaceutical industries?

Accepted Answer

It produces penicillin and is used in cheese making.

Question 9

A patient in sub-Saharan Africa is diagnosed with African sleeping sickness. Which protozoan is responsible for this disease, and how is it transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma gambiense, transmitted by tsetse fly

Question 10

Which of the following statements about fungi is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have polysaccharide cell walls and are eukaryotic.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary origin of the Archaeplastida supergroup?

Accepted Answer

Descended from an ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium, leading to the evolution of chloroplasts.

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the SAR supergroup?

Accepted Answer

Some members have cilia for movement.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Parent cell} ightarrow 2 	imes 	ext{Daughter cells}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why Rhizopus is commonly found on bread and fruits?

Accepted Answer

It is a saprophytic mold that thrives on organic substrates.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in food production?

Accepted Answer

It is used to make bread, beer, and wine through fermentation.

Question 16

A sample from a freshwater pond contains a unicellular organism with a feeding groove and multiple flagella. Which supergroup does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Excavata

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct comparison between 70S and 80S ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

70S ribosomes are found in prokaryotes; 80S ribosomes are found in eukaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Giardia lamblia can survive outside the host for extended periods?

Accepted Answer

It forms a cyst, which is an active resting stage resistant to harsh conditions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of Penicillium species?

Accepted Answer

Production of penicillin and blue cheese

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary significance of the endosymbiotic theory in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from engulfed prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic Microorganisms: Diversity, Structure, and Examples

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