Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the final electron acceptor in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It is an organic molecule synthesized by the cell, such as pyruvate or a derivative.

Question 2

During lactic acid fermentation, what is the net ATP yield per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 3

Which process does NOT require oxygen and does NOT use the Krebs cycle or electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 4

In alcoholic fermentation, what is the sequence of major chemical transformations starting from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvic acid $$\rightarrow$$ Acetaldehyde + $$CO_2$$ $$\rightarrow$$ Ethanol

Question 5

Why do cells need to regenerate $$NAD^+$$ during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

To enable glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

Question 6

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of homolactic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It produces only lactic acid as the end product.

Question 7

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment with abundant glucose. Which metabolic pathway will it primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses substrate-level phosphorylation only and does not fully oxidize glucose.

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ATP yield from fermentation compared to aerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation yields 2 ATP, while aerobic respiration yields up to 38 ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following organisms is most likely to perform homolactic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of fermentation in cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate $$NAD^+ so $$glycolysis can continue.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 14

A bacterium is found to produce lactic acid and ethanol from glucose under anaerobic conditions. Which type of fermentation is it most likely performing?

Accepted Answer

Heterolactic fermentation

Question 15

Which step in fermentation directly regenerates $$NAD^+$$ from $$NADH$$?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of pyruvate or its derivative to an organic product

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 2 CH_3CH(OH)COOH + 2 ATP$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated directly from the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a high-energy substrate.

Question 18

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway will be most active?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the electron transport chain (ETC) in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

The ETC is not used in fermentation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Production of bread and alcoholic beverages by yeast

Fermentation and Catabolic Processes in Microbiology

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