Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which taxonomic rank is the broadest and includes the largest number of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Domain

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the normal microbiota (flora) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Causing infectious diseases under normal conditions

Question 4

A scientist isolates a microbe from a sick animal and grows it in pure culture. When the microbe is introduced into a healthy animal, the same disease develops. What principle is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Koch's Postulates

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of mutualism in host-microbe interactions?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium that produces vitamin K in the human gut, benefiting both itself and the host

Question 6

Which statement about biofilms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can form on medical devices and are more resistant to treatment than planktonic bacteria.

Question 7

Which scientist is credited with disproving spontaneous generation by showing that maggots do not arise from meat unless flies are present?

Accepted Answer

Francesco Redi

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct format for writing a scientific name according to binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

$$	extit{Escherichia coli}$$

Question 9

Which domain includes organisms that are extremophiles, such as those living in hot springs or salt lakes?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 10

A hospital patient develops a urinary tract infection after taking antibiotics for pneumonia. Which concept best explains this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in normal microbiota allows opportunistic pathogens to establish infection.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

Question 12

Which of the following statements about viruses is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are acellular and require a host cell to replicate.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Competition among microbes that helps protect the host from pathogens

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason why biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms have a protective matrix that limits antibiotic penetration.

Question 16

Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Microbiology' and developed the first vaccine against anthrax and rabies?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

Which of the following is the best definition of a species in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

A group of organisms that share at least 70% DNA similarity and 97% identical 16S rRNA sequence

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct application of the scientific method in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis, collecting data, and drawing a conclusion based on observations

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)?

Accepted Answer

It aims to characterize all microbes living in and on the human body.

Question 20

A researcher wants to grow a bacterial culture in the laboratory. Which medium would be most appropriate for supporting growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth media (culture media)

Foundations of Microbiology: Classification, Microbial Interactions, and the Human Microbiome

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