Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have cell walls with peptidoglycan, while Archaea have cell walls with pseudomurein.

Question 2

Which functional group is most likely to make a molecule hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 3

A scientist discovers a microorganism with a cell wall containing pseudomurein and a lipid monolayer membrane. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 4

Which of the following bonds connects monomers in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 5

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers and releases energy?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis (exergonic reaction)

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that has a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane. Which type of antibiotic would most likely be effective?

Accepted Answer

An antibiotic targeting peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 8

Which of the following statements about biofilms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can increase resistance to antibiotics due to the presence of many layers of cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes quorum sensing in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process by which bacteria communicate using chemical signals to coordinate behavior based on population density.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH of human blood?

Accepted Answer

Human blood is slightly basic because its pH is approximately 7.4.

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in Gram-negative bacteria but not in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid: Nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and conjugation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of passive transport across the bacterial membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the universal tree of life?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are descended from a common ancestor.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct match between a microbial relationship and its effect?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism: Both organisms benefit.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Human Microbiome Project?

Accepted Answer

It aimed to characterize the diversity of microorganisms in the human body.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of the human microbiome in health?

Accepted Answer

The microbiome can help prevent colonization by pathogens.

Foundations of Microbiology: Study Notes from Lectures 1–6

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards