Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and not enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

Question 2

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which structure allows certain bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions such as high heat and desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 4

A patient is infected with a Gram-negative bacterium. Which component of the bacterial cell wall is most likely responsible for causing fever and shock?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of group translocation in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Active transport where the substance is chemically modified during passage into the cell

Question 6

A scientist is studying a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. Which genus is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and acts as a selective barrier.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that protects the peptidoglycan from penicillin.

Question 9

A bacterium is observed to move toward a chemical attractant. Which term best describes this behavior, and what structure is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis; flagella

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and can be targeted by certain antibiotics without harming eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 11

A bacterial cell is exposed to lysozyme. What is the most likely effect, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall will be degraded by breaking sugar linkages in peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It protects the bacterium from phagocytosis and aids in attachment to surfaces.

Question 13

A researcher observes a bacterium with a tuft of flagella at each end. What is the correct term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are made of microtubules and move in a wave-like motion.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why group translocation is advantageous for bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It traps substances inside the cell by chemically modifying them during transport.

Question 16

A bacterial cell is found to have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane. Which type of bacterium is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of sporulation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It is the formation of a thick-walled endospore in response to nutrient depletion.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 19

A scientist is studying a eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall. Which of the following could this cell be?

Accepted Answer

Protozoan cell

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the site where nutrients are completely broken down to generate ATP.

Question 21

A bacterial cell is placed in a solution and water begins to enter the cell, causing it to swell. Which equation best describes the net movement of water in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Net movement of water: $$ \Delta C = C_{	ext{solution}} - C_{	ext{cell}} $$ where $$ C_{	ext{solution}} \u003e C_{	ext{cell}} $$

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards