Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids in its cell wall. Which type of cell wall does it most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cell wall

Question 3

Which structure allows bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions such as heat, chemicals, and desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which unique feature of the causative bacterium's cell wall contributes to its resistance to desiccation and many antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Presence of mycolic acid

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx capsule in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It helps prevent phagocytosis by host cells.

Question 6

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

DNA transfer during conjugation

Question 8

A scientist observes a bacterium with a flexible, helical shape and movement via axial filaments. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Spirochete

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotic flagella and cilia?

Accepted Answer

9 + 2 arrangement

Question 10

Which process moves substances from low to high concentration and requires both energy and transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A bacterial cell is found to lack a cell wall but contains sterols in its plasma membrane. Which genus does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct match between a bacterial cell wall component and its function?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A: functions as an endotoxin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins

Question 14

A bacterial cell is observed to have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Which structure is being described?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that restricts entry of many drugs.

Question 17

A scientist is studying a bacterial population that forms a biofilm on medical devices. Which structure is most important for initial attachment to surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the movement of water in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and assisting movement of organelles

Question 20

A bacterial cell is observed to move toward a chemical attractant. What is this type of movement called?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Notes

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