Q: Which equation best describes the direction of passive transport across a membrane?

$$\text{High concentration} \rightarrow \text{Low concentration}$$

Q: Which equation represents the movement of water in a hypotonic solution?

$$\text{Water moves into the cell}$$

Q: Which equation best describes the direction of active transport across a membrane?

$$\text{Low concentration} \rightarrow \text{High concentration}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have DNA that is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a rigid spiral shape and moves in a corkscrew-like fashion. Which structure is responsible for this movement, and what is the bacterium's shape called?

Accepted Answer

Axial filaments; spirochete

Question 3

Which component is unique to Gram-negative bacterial cell walls and acts as an endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A

Question 4

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 5

Which equation best describes the direction of passive transport across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{High concentration} ightarrow 	ext{Low concentration}$$

Question 6

During group translocation, which of the following occurs to the transported substance?

Accepted Answer

It is chemically modified during transport.

Question 7

Which bacterial structure increases virulence by preventing phagocytosis and is firmly attached to the cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 8

A Gram-positive bacterium is exposed to penicillin. Which cell wall feature makes it susceptible to this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Prevents osmotic lysis

Question 10

A bacterium lacking a cell wall but containing sterols in its plasma membrane is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A mycoplasma

Question 11

Which arrangement describes cocci in clusters, commonly seen in Staphylococcus species?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococci

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for bacterial motility and is composed of the protein flagellin?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 13

Which process allows bacteria to transfer DNA between cells using pili?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 14

Which equation represents the movement of water in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves into the cell}$$

Question 15

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is the site of ATP production and contains circular DNA and 70S ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

Which equation best describes the direction of active transport across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low concentration} ightarrow 	ext{High concentration}$$

Question 17

Which bacterial structure is important in biofilm formation and helps bacteria adhere to surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 18

Which type of bacterial cell wall contains a periplasmic space and an outer membrane with porins?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative

Question 19

Which equation represents the Svedberg unit for prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$70	ext{S}$$

Question 20

A bacterial cell is exposed to harsh environmental conditions and forms a highly resistant structure. Which genera are known for this capability, and what is the structure called?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus and Clostridium; endospore

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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