Question 1

Which environment is most likely to contain archaea due to their ability to thrive in extreme conditions?

Accepted Answer

hot springs

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with first isolating microbes from disease victims by smearing blood, pus, or sputum samples onto gelatin media?

Accepted Answer

Robert Koch

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

The agent does not infect other hosts.

Question 4

Joseph Lister's major contribution to fighting infection and disease was the introduction of which practice?

Accepted Answer

antiseptics

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a reason why scientists use stains to view microbes?

Accepted Answer

to differentiate genetic material

Question 6

Differential staining can be used for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

to detect the presence of certain chemicals in cells

Question 7

What is the main structural feature that eukaryotic cells possess, but prokaryotic cells lack?

Accepted Answer

nucleus

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

to control the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 9

Which statement about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores form in response to harsh environmental conditions.

Question 10

Which of these are in BOTH Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls?

Accepted Answer

peptidoglycan

Question 11

Which cell wall structure has the thickest peptidoglycan layer?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 12

Where can lipopolysaccharide be found in the cell envelope of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacterial cells

Question 13

Active transport across the cytoplasmic membrane differs from facilitated diffusion in which respect?

Accepted Answer

Active transport is used to move materials against their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for receiving, processing, and packaging large molecules that are destined to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi body

Question 15

A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

nucleus

Question 16

Bacteria rotate the flagella 360 degrees to move through their environment. What is the main advantage of this type of movement?

Accepted Answer

rotate the flagella 360 degrees to move through their environment

Question 17

Spirchetes are spiral-shaped bacteria that cause diseases like Lyme disease. What is a unique feature of spirochetes compared to other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They have axial-shaped internal flagellum AND cause diseases like Lyme disease AND are spiral-shaped bacteria.

Question 18

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell is known as the:

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 19

According to Koch's postulates, which step is necessary to demonstrate that a specific microbe causes a disease?

Accepted Answer

obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal

Question 20

Which of the following groups have cell wall compositions that are flexible to 360 degree movement and are spiral-shaped?

Accepted Answer

Spirochetes

Fundamental Concepts in Microbiology: Cell Structure, Microbial Classification, and Historical Contributions

Study Guide - Practice Questions