Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

$ 1 \times \text{glucose} \rightarrow 38 \text{ATP} $

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment disproved which scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 4

A scientist is measuring the abundance of microbes in a water sample. Which unit is most appropriate for quantifying microbial concentration?

Accepted Answer

Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium replicates its DNA and splits into two identical daughter cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major component of the bacterial cell wall that provides structural strength?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 7

A bacterium is classified as an obligate aerobe. What does this mean regarding its oxygen requirements?

Accepted Answer

It requires oxygen for growth and cannot survive without it.

Question 8

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$ 1 	imes 	ext{glucose} ightarrow 38 	ext{ATP} $

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospore formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospore formation allows bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular processes.

Question 12

A bacterial population is in the exponential phase of growth. Which equation best describes the number of cells after $ n $ generations, starting with $ N_0 $ cells?

Accepted Answer

$ N = N_0 	imes 2^n $

Question 13

Which of the following environmental factors is most likely to inhibit bacterial growth in food preservation?

Accepted Answer

High salt concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is a major advantage of biofilm formation for bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection from environmental stress and antimicrobial agents

Question 15

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of NAD+ in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is a coenzyme that carries electrons from one reaction to another.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct classification of microbes based on their carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs use carbon dioxide ($ CO_2 $) as their carbon source.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the structure of the prokaryotic chromosome is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is circular and located in the nucleoid region.

Question 19

Which process allows photosynthetic organisms to generate energy and make organic carbon?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Fundamental Concepts in Microbiology: Structure, Function, and Growth of Microbes

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