Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and lack internal membranous organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Question 2

Which domains are classified as prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 3

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with circular DNA located in a nucleoid region, no nucleus, and no internal membranous organelles. Which type of organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryote

Question 4

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is responsible for ATP synthesis, photosynthesis, and protein production for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 5

What is the primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Providing shape and structural strength, critical for survival under osmotic pressure

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA located in the nucleoid, sometimes with plasmids carrying accessory genes

Question 7

During binary fission in prokaryotes, which process ensures the separation of daughter chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Elongation of the cytoplasmic membrane and invagination to form a cross wall

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosome assembly

Question 9

A bacterium is found to possess plasmids. What is the most likely role of these plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They carry accessory genes such as those for toxins and antibiotic resistance.

Question 10

Which of the following cell types would you expect to find in the Domain Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Algae, fungi, protozoa, and worms

Question 11

A researcher is studying ribosomes in different organisms. Which statement is correct regarding prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes contain 16S rRNA, which differs between Bacteria and Archaea.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the cell wall is critical for prokaryotic survival?

Accepted Answer

It prevents osmotic lysis by providing structural strength.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have circular DNA in the nucleoid, while eukaryotes have linear DNA within a nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following processes occurs at the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes but at specialized organelles in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis

Question 15

A patient is infected with a bacterium that produces toxins encoded by genes not found in its main chromosome. Where are these toxin genes most likely located?

Accepted Answer

On plasmids

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of inclusions in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They store large crystals or aggregates of material for the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA replicates, cytoplasmic membrane elongates, cross wall forms, membrane invaginates

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the size range of most prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$1 \mu m \leq 	ext{cell length} \leq 5 \mu m$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

A microbiologist is studying a cell that is structurally complex, contains a nucleus, and has mitochondria. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Fundamentals of Microbial Cell Structure: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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