Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory input and dictating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but can still regulate heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 4

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Supporting and bracing neurons and anchoring them to nutrient supply lines

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

They act as defense cells and can transform into macrophages

Question 7

Which of the following statements about myelination is correct?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 8

A neuron with one axon and two or more dendrites is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

They are the main receptive (input) region of the neuron

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are almost all unipolar

Question 11

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains dense collections of myelinated fibers, while gray matter contains mostly neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse transmission ($$v$$), the presence of myelin ($$m$$), and axon diameter ($$d$$)? Assume $$m = 1$$ for myelinated, $$m = 0$$ for nonmyelinated.

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot m \cdot d ($$where $$k is a $$constant)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuroglia and their function?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cells – support neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where the axon joins the cell body and action potentials are initiated

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Mobilizing body systems during a stressful situation (fight or flight)

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons are found mainly in the PNS

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They form a permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a typical nervous system response to a painful stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why damage to Schwann cells would impair nerve function in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form myelin sheaths that insulate axons and increase the speed of impulse transmission

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards