Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific recognition sites, creating sticky or blunt ends.

Question 2

A scientist wants to clone a human gene into a bacterial plasmid. Why is cDNA, rather than genomic DNA, typically used for this process?

Accepted Answer

cDNA is synthesized from RNA and lacks introns, allowing proper expression in bacteria.

Question 3

Which step in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) involves the separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 4

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on which property?

Accepted Answer

The length (size) of the DNA fragments

Question 5

A patient with cystic fibrosis is treated with DNase (Pulmozyme). What is the molecular basis for this therapy?

Accepted Answer

DNase breaks down thick lung secretions by digesting extracellular DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the amplification of DNA in PCR after $n$ cycles, starting with one double-stranded molecule?

Accepted Answer

$2^n$

Question 7

CRISPR-Cas9 technology is based on which natural biological system?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial defense system against foreign DNA

Question 8

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are important in genetic analysis because:

Accepted Answer

They represent common single base-pair changes that can be used for DNA fingerprinting and disease risk assessment.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world application of microarray technology?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously for cancer typing.

Question 10

A researcher uses ligase in a cloning experiment. What is the primary function of ligase in this context?

Accepted Answer

To seal DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

Which of the following recombinant proteins is used to treat anemia by stimulating bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 12

Golden Rice is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO) created to:

Accepted Answer

Improve nutritional content by adding vitamin A

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between somatic and germline gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

Somatic therapy affects only the patient, while germline therapy is heritable and can be passed to future generations.

Question 14

Which Nobel Prize-winning scientists were recognized for their work on CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology?

Accepted Answer

Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier

Question 15

A forensic scientist analyzes a DNA sample using gel electrophoresis. What is the expected result if the sample contains DNA fragments of varying sizes?

Accepted Answer

Smaller fragments will migrate farther toward the positive electrode.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key advantage of using CRISPR-Cas9 over traditional restriction enzymes in gene editing?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR-Cas9 can be directed to cut DNA at virtually any sequence using guide RNA.

Question 17

Which equation represents the number of possible DNA fragment patterns generated by restriction enzyme digestion, given $n$ different restriction sites?

Accepted Answer

$n-1$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a medicine produced using recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Insulin for diabetes treatment

Question 19

A patient is treated with Remicade® for rheumatoid arthritis. What is the molecular basis for this therapy?

Accepted Answer

Remicade® is a recombinant antibody that targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to reduce inflammation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in therapeutic applications?

Accepted Answer

miRNAs block gene expression and can be used to reduce cholesterol or inhibit cancer growth.

Genetic Analysis and Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

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