Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for joining together DNA fragments during DNA repair, replication, and recombination?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 2

A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene is most likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

Question 3

During protein synthesis, which type of RNA delivers the activated form of amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the sum total of genetic information; phenotype is the physical manifestation of traits

Question 5

A person who is heterozygous for a recessive trait but does not manifest the trait is called a:

Accepted Answer

Carrier

Question 6

Which of the following base pairs is correct according to the DNA double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Adenine binds to Thymine

Question 7

If a mutation occurs in a germ cell, what is the most significant consequence?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to inherited disorders in offspring

Question 8

Which process results in the formation of gametes, each with a single set of 23 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 9

A karyotype is most useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Detecting chromosomal abnormalities

Question 10

According to Mendel's First Law, what happens to alleles during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele from each pair

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of multifactorial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height influenced by multiple genes and nutrition

Question 12

What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences

Question 13

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A trait influenced by two or more genes, resulting in a wide range of phenotypes

Question 14

If a person has two identical alleles for a gene (AA or aa), they are considered:

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding autosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

There are 22 pairs of autosomes, alike in males and females

Question 16

A child inherits two chromosomes of the same number from one parent, leading to a genetic disorder. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Uniparental disomy

Question 17

Which of the following statements about DNA mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can occur spontaneously or due to environmental factors

Question 18

Which process creates a complementary mRNA copy from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 19

Which gene type codes for proteins that have a functional role in the cell, such as enzymes or structural components?

Accepted Answer

Structural genes

Question 20

A cell is observed to have 46 chromosomes after division. Which process has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

patho 4

Study Guide - Practice Questions