Question 1

An organism's physical characteristics, or microscopic and metabolic characteristics, are known as their:

Accepted Answer

phenotype

Question 2

Chargaff's rules of DNA structure state that:

Accepted Answer

$$A = T, G = C$$

Question 3

A nucleotide contains:

Accepted Answer

a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 4

Which of the following is true about RNA?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

Question 5

The enzyme that is used to join DNA nucleotides together is:

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

Which of the following describes a function of DNA helicase?

Accepted Answer

unwinds and "unzips" the double-stranded DNA by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds between the paired bases

Question 7

During semiconservative replication, if the parental strand has adenine, which of the following bases will be placed on the new strand?

Accepted Answer

thymine

Question 8

The function of transfer RNA is to:

Accepted Answer

carry amino acids to ribosomes

Question 9

Which of the classes of RNA molecules has an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

transfer RNA

Question 10

Which of the following describes the flow of information in protein synthesis (the central dogma of molecular biology)?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow protein$$

Question 11

Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of 3' AAACAACTT 5' results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of:

Accepted Answer

$$5' UUUGUUGAA 3'$$

Question 12

A sequence of mRNA that is removed during processing is a(n):

Accepted Answer

intron

Question 13

What part of the mRNA contains the information for the structure of the protein?

Accepted Answer

exons

Question 14

How many bases on a DNA molecule equal one codon?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 15

The site of translation is the:

Accepted Answer

ribosome

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a mutation in the DNA sequence can lead to a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence can alter the mRNA codon, which may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, potentially disrupting its structure and function.

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms allows bacteria to acquire new genetic information by direct uptake of naked DNA from the environment?

Accepted Answer

transformation

Genetics and Molecular Biology in Microbiology: Key Concepts and Mechanisms

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