Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of semiconservative DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 2

A mutation in a gene results in a single amino acid change in the encoded protein. Which type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have numerous linear chromosomes housed in a nucleus.

Question 4

During transcription in eukaryotic cells, which of the following occurs to the mRNA before it is translated?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined together.

Question 5

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 6

A frameshift mutation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A base is inserted or deleted, altering the reading frame.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of regulatory genes?

Accepted Answer

Coding for proteins

Question 8

In bacteria, which process allows for the uptake of exogenous DNA from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $\rightarrow$ RNA $\rightarrow$ Protein

Question 10

A scientist is studying a bacterial strain that is resistant to antibiotics. Which genetic element is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

R plasmid

Question 11

Which of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the transfer of genetic material between cells independent of cell division.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world application of plasmids in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Generating cell lines that produce useful medical products

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells require multiple replication sites on their chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Their chromosomes are linear and large, requiring faster replication.

Question 14

A mutation is found to be silent. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix with thymine.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation in a regulatory gene?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled production of proteins, potentially leading to cancer

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 18

Ames Test is used to:

Accepted Answer

Identify mutagenic potential of chemicals

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{A} - 	ext{T}$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of housekeeping genes?

Accepted Answer

They are always present and expressed in cells.

BIO Exam 1: Ch 5

Study Guide - Practice Questions