Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup that determines the possible features of a cell or virus, while phenotype is the observable physical and physiological traits.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have few, usually circular chromosomes located in the nucleoid region.

Question 3

Which nitrogen base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil (U)

Question 4

What type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate groups in the backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 5

If a segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the complementary sequence on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why plasmids are important in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids often carry genes that confer a survival advantage, such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 7

Which pairing of nitrogenous bases is correct according to the rules of base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes the antiparallel arrangement of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One DNA strand runs 5' to 3', while the complementary strand runs 3' to 5'.

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genomes are organized with histone proteins, while prokaryotic genomes use histone-like proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a genome?

Accepted Answer

A genome is all the genetic material in a cell or virus.

Question 11

Which scientist is considered the father of modern genetics due to his work with pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose sugar

Question 13

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the number of chromosomes and organism complexity?

Accepted Answer

Organism complexity is not determined by the number of chromosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a purine base found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Histones help organize and package DNA within the nucleus.

Question 16

If a prokaryotic cell acquires a plasmid carrying an antibiotic resistance gene, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain a survival advantage in the presence of the antibiotic.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for the number of possible codons in RNA, given 4 nucleotides and codons of length 3?

Accepted Answer

$$4^3$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about nitrogen bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adenine and guanine are purines.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups held together by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

chap 5A

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