Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier in the first line of host defense?

Accepted Answer

Skin

Question 2

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of lysozyme would be most susceptible to which type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of neutrophils in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 4

Which line of defense is responsible for immunologic memory?

Accepted Answer

Third line

Question 5

A researcher isolates a peptide from human sweat that lyses both bacteria and fungi. This peptide is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Defensin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 7

Which body compartment is primarily responsible for transporting immune cells throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Bloodstream

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the second line of defense is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It includes inflammation and phagocytosis.

Question 9

A patient is unable to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Which defense mechanism is compromised?

Accepted Answer

Nonspecific chemical defense

Question 10

Which of the following cells is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells?

Accepted Answer

Trap pathogens and participate in immune reactions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs)?

Accepted Answer

They are receptors on white blood cells for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is specific and develops immunologic memory.

Question 14

A patient with a deficiency in complement proteins would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Nonspecific immune response

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of granulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Lobed nucleus and presence of granules

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Physical barrier → phagocytosis → antibody production

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of whole blood?

Accepted Answer

Lymph

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why some pathogens cannot invade certain hosts?

Accepted Answer

Genetic barriers inherent in the host's makeup

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)?

Accepted Answer

Provide a network for macrophages to attack and ingest microbes

Question 20

If a person has a mutation that prevents the formation of memory cells, which equation best represents their immune response to repeated exposure to the same pathogen?

Accepted Answer

$$I_{primary} = I_{secondary}$$

Host Defense Mechanisms and Immune System Overview

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