Question 1

Which of the following best differentiates innate immunity from adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a rapid, non-specific response, while adaptive immunity develops more slowly and is highly specific to particular antigens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activating B cells to produce antibodies.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a chemical factor in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Low pH of gastric juice in the stomach.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space, limiting pathogen colonization.

Question 5

Which of the following leukocytes is classified as a granulocyte and is primarily involved in allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 6

Which type of white blood cell is most directly responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 7

Which of the following best differentiates the lymphatic system from the blood circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and is involved in immune surveillance, while the blood circulatory system primarily transports blood.

Question 8

Which of the following best defines phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The ingestion and destruction of microbes or particles by a cell.

Question 9

During the process of phagocytosis, which stage immediately follows adherence?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion

Question 10

A patient presents with redness, heat, swelling, and pain at a wound site. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary cause of fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

Release of pyrogens such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) from phagocytes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a beneficial effect of moderate fever?

Accepted Answer

Increases the production of transferrins that decrease iron availability to microbes.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a stage of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation

Question 14

A patient with a genetic defect in neutrophil function is most likely to have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical factor that helps prevent microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary escalator in the respiratory tract

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of monocytes after they leave the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They become macrophages and perform phagocytosis in tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of leukocytes ($$N_L$$), granulocytes ($$N_G$$), and agranulocytes ($$N_A) in a $$blood sample?

Accepted Answer

$$N_L = N_G + N_A$$

Question 18

A patient is exposed to a new pathogen. Which immune response will act first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of parasitic worms

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why normal microbiota are considered part of the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites, preventing colonization.

Immune Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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