Question 1

A woman uses a home pregnancy test that detects hCG hormone in urine. This test is a type of antibody assay where antibodies bind the hormone and produce two lines on the test strip. What specific type of antibody assay does this represent?

Accepted Answer

an immunochromatographic assay

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can be used to detect antibody or antigen.

Question 3

Contact immunity within a population can be produced by ______ vaccines.

Accepted Answer

attenuated

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen.

Question 5

Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location(s) in the body?

Accepted Answer

the thymus

Question 6

The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

a bacterium outside a cell

Question 8

Class I MHC molecules are essential for

Accepted Answer

presentation of endogenous antigens.

Question 9

A child has both anti-influenza and anti-RSV IgM and IgG antibodies. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

The child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections.

Question 10

How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?

Accepted Answer

Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation.

Question 11

Which of the following is the result when a CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) interacts with a virally infected cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell undergoes apoptosis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.

Question 13

The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of

Accepted Answer

the variable regions of both light and heavy chains.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes.

Question 15

The alternative pathway of complement cascade activation begins with ______ binding to the surface of a microbe.

Accepted Answer

$$C3b$$

Question 16

Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

both leukotrienes and histamine

Question 17

A person produces a mutated C3 protein resulting in C5a failing to stick, but enzymatic function is not affected. Complement activation in this individual would result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis would be facilitated but chemotaxis by phagocytes would be reduced.

Question 18

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

Accepted Answer

both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body.

Question 19

What antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid?

Accepted Answer

lysozyme

Question 20

Cells of the second line of defense called ______ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Accepted Answer

NK cells

Question 21

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Accepted Answer

increases the effectiveness of interferons.

Immunity, Vaccines, and Host Defenses: Microbiology Study Guide

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