Question 1

Which of the following best describes passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are injected or transferred from another source, providing short-term protection.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 3

Why does vaccination provide long-term protection against certain diseases?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells.

Question 4

Which type of vaccine contains live organisms that have been weakened so they cannot cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Attenuated (live) vaccine

Question 5

A vaccine is made by chemically inactivating a bacterial toxin but retaining its antigenicity. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Toxoid vaccine

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of producing monoclonal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Fusing antibody-secreting plasma cells with myeloma cells to create hybridomas.

Question 7

Monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer therapy because they:

Accepted Answer

Bind to and kill cancer cells specifically.

Question 8

Which of the following is the main purpose of the ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

To detect the presence of serum antibodies.

Question 9

A patient is tested for HIV using ELISA. The test is positive. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient has antibodies against HIV in their serum.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen.

Question 11

Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Immediate reaction involving IgE antibodies.

Question 12

Which hypersensitivity type is primarily responsible for allergic reactions such as hay fever and anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Type I (immediate)

Question 13

A patient develops hemolytic anemia after receiving a mismatched blood transfusion. Which type of hypersensitivity is involved?

Accepted Answer

Type II (cytotoxic)

Question 14

Which hypersensitivity type involves immune complexes depositing in tissues, leading to inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Type III (immune complex)

Question 15

Type IV hypersensitivity is best exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

Contact dermatitis from poison ivy

Question 16

Autoimmune diseases occur when:

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks normal body cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

Immunodeficiency is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A deficiency or malfunction in the immune system's ability to fight infections.

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Congenital absence of B cells

Question 20

A patient with recurrent infections is found to have a deficiency in T cells. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Primary immunodeficiency

Immunology Concepts and Applications – Microbiology Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions