Prevalence = \frac{\text{Total cases}}{\text{Population}}

Incidence = \frac{\text{New cases}}{\text{Population}}

Question 1

Which type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by bacteria in the human colon, where both organisms benefit?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 2

A patient develops a disease after normal microbiota are introduced into an unusual site in the body. Which term best describes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic infection

Question 3

Which portal of entry is most commonly used by respiratory pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a condition that can lead normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Stable, healthy immune system

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct equation for calculating the prevalence of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence = \frac{	ext{Total cases}}{	ext{Population}}

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of endotoxins but NOT exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

Stable at high temperatures (121°C)

Question 7

A disease that is constantly present in a population is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical vector in disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

A fly carrying pathogens on its legs

Question 9

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by the most severe signs and symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Illness

Question 10

Which of the following is a typical manifestation of disease that can only be sensed by the patient?

Accepted Answer

Headache

Question 11

Which of the following is a virulence factor that allows bacteria to evade phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial capsule

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the incidence of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Incidence = \frac{	ext{New cases}}{	ext{Population}}

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Rabies transmitted from dogs to humans

Question 14

Which term describes the study of the cause of disease?

Accepted Answer

Etiology

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

Some pathogens cannot be cultured in the laboratory

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Touching a contaminated doorknob and then touching your face

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Develop slowly and persist for a long time

Question 18

Which of the following is a typical effect of exotoxins on host cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxin kills host’s cells

Question 19

Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce healthcare-associated infections?

Accepted Answer

Handwashing

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the parenteral route?

Accepted Answer

Pathogens are deposited directly into tissues beneath the skin or mucous membranes

Ch 14 Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions