Question 1

Which of the following best describes the formation of 'vegetations' in acute endocarditis, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Colonization and accumulation of bacteria on the heart valves, impairing their function

Question 2

A patient presents with fever, joint pain, and painless red spots on the palms and soles. Which sign is most specific for subacute endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Janeway lesions

Question 3

Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with acute endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

Why are intravenous drug users at increased risk for acute endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

They frequently introduce bacteria directly into the bloodstream via contaminated needles.

Question 5

Which of the following is the principal vector for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in the United States, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Aedes aegypti mosquito

Question 6

A patient develops a spotted rash on the wrists and ankles after a tick bite, as shown in the third image. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the progression of HIV infection, as depicted in the fourth image, is correct?

Accepted Answer

AIDS is diagnosed when CD4 T cell count drops below 200 cells/\mu l.

Question 8

Which combination of host cell receptors is required for HIV entry, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

CD4 and CCR-5

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is difficult for the immune system to eliminate?

Accepted Answer

It changes its surface antigens during transmission and infection.

Question 10

A patient presents with a bull’s-eye rash after hiking in Connecticut. Which vector is most likely responsible for transmission?

Accepted Answer

Ixodes scapularis tick

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of septicemic plague compared to bubonic plague?

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and subcutaneous hemorrhage

Question 12

Which zoonotic disease is most closely associated with handling or skinning rabbits and can be transmitted by ticks, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Tularemia

Question 13

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent maternal-to-infant transmission of HIV?

Accepted Answer

Treating the mother with protease inhibitors during pregnancy

Question 14

Which of the following is a key virulence factor of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague?

Accepted Answer

Production of coagulation factors that block the flea’s esophagus

Question 15

A child develops a cluster of small papules after being scratched by a kitten. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Bartonella henselae

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the transmission of Chagas disease?

Accepted Answer

Feces of triatomine bugs entering through a bite wound or mucous membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is a hallmark laboratory finding in infectious mononucleosis?

Accepted Answer

Sudden leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes

Question 18

Which of the following is the most important preventive measure for Lyme disease in endemic areas?

Accepted Answer

Wearing protective clothing and using DEET-containing repellents

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA enveloped viruses.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why brucellosis is also called 'undulant fever'?

Accepted Answer

The fever pattern fluctuates due to the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella.

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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