Q: Which equation best represents the drastic loss of blood pressure seen in endotoxic shock due to sepsis?

$$P_{arterial} = CO \times SVR$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a natural defense of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a diverse normal microbiome

Question 2

A patient presents with fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat, and clubbed fingers. Blood culture reveals alpha-hemolytic streptococci. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Subacute endocarditis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the normal biota of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Low-level microbial infections may contribute to diseases with no known infectious cause

Question 4

Which causative agent is responsible for the majority of cases of infectious mononucleosis?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 5

A patient develops sepsis after surgery. Blood cultures are positive for bacteria. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotics until identification and susceptibilities are tested

Question 6

Which of the following is a key virulence factor for Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague?

Accepted Answer

Capsule and plasminogen activator

Question 7

Which equation best represents the drastic loss of blood pressure seen in endotoxic shock due to sepsis?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{arterial} = CO 	imes SVR$$

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is classified as a Category A Bioterrorism Agent and is caused by Bacillus anthracis?

Accepted Answer

Anthrax

Question 9

A patient in the United States presents with fever, chills, headache, and a bullseye rash after hiking in the woods. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why COVID-19 is included in the chapter on cardiovascular infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

COVID-19 can cause viremia and cardiovascular complications

Question 11

Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission for Chagas disease?

Accepted Answer

Biological vector (triatomine bug)

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of nonhemorrhagic fever diseases compared to hemorrhagic fever diseases?

Accepted Answer

High fever without hemorrhagic symptoms

Question 13

A patient with malaria is found to have multiple life stages of the parasite in their blood. Which genus is responsible for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium

Question 14

Which of the following is the most effective prevention strategy for Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Tick avoidance

Question 15

Which laboratory method is most commonly used to diagnose acute malaria?

Accepted Answer

Blood smear

Question 16

Which of the following is a key virulence factor for Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular growth

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States?

Accepted Answer

HIV infection is stable with approximately 1.2 million cases and 13,000 deaths annually

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission for anthrax in humans?

Accepted Answer

Vehicle (air, soil, food)

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between bacteremia and septicemia?

Accepted Answer

Septicemia refers to bacteria flourishing and growing in the bloodstream, while bacteremia is simply the presence of bacteria in the blood

Question 20

Which of the following is a common virulence factor for Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic shifting

Infectious Diseases Manifesting in the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems: Microbiology Study Notes

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