Question 1

Which of the following is the primary natural defense mechanism of the urinary tract that helps prevent microbial colonization?

Accepted Answer

Flushing action of urine

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman presents with pain during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy urine. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Question 3

Which organism is responsible for the majority of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of Lactobacillus in the female reproductive tract?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the pH of the vagina, inhibiting pathogen growth

Question 5

A patient presents with sudden high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and conjunctivitis after swimming in a river in a tropical region. Laboratory tests reveal spirochetes in the blood. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Leptospirosis

Question 6

Which of the following is the drug of choice for treating urinary schistosomiasis?

Accepted Answer

Praziquantel

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Trichomonas vaginalis is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide

Question 8

A sexually active woman presents with a white, curd-like vaginal discharge. Microscopy reveals budding yeast and pseudohyphae. Which is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 9

Which of the following is a key virulence factor for Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

Adhesins that allow attachment to urinary epithelium

Question 10

A 30-year-old man develops a painless, hard chancre on his penis. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why women are more susceptible to urinary tract infections than men?

Accepted Answer

Women have a shorter urethra

Question 12

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for neonatal herpes simplex virus infection?

Accepted Answer

Performing a cesarean section if lesions are present at delivery

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the 9-valent Gardasil vaccine?

Accepted Answer

It protects against the most common HPV types causing cervical cancer and warts

Question 14

A 32-year-old woman presents with a fishy-smelling vaginal discharge but no inflammation. Microscopy reveals a mixed bacterial population and reduced lactobacilli. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission for Leptospira interrogans?

Accepted Answer

Contaminated soil or water

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of pyelonephritis compared to cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Back pain and high fever

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Schistosoma haematobium in urinary schistosomiasis?

Accepted Answer

It invades intact skin and lodges in bladder blood vessels

Question 18

Which of the following is the recommended treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Question 19

A newborn develops sepsis shortly after birth. The mother was not screened for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization. Which of the following is the most likely mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

Vertical transmission during passage through the birth canal

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the cycle of urinary schistosomiasis infection cannot be broken in endemic areas?

Accepted Answer

People are continually exposed to untreated sewage in their environment

Infectious Diseases of the Genitourinary System: Microbiology Study Notes

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