Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis (cell death)

Question 2

A patient presents with a deep fungal infection and a persistent inflammatory response. Which type of inflammation is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 3

Which vascular change is most likely to occur 12 hours after a severe injury, such as in septic shock?

Accepted Answer

Delayed hemodynamic response

Question 4

During the cellular stage of acute inflammation, which leukocyte is the first to arrive at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 5

Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, and is often released during allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 6

A wound with a thick, sticky meshwork containing large amounts of fibrinogen is best described as having which type of exudate?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinous exudate

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation is a short-term response aimed at removing the injurious agent, while chronic inflammation lasts longer and is linked to underlying diseases.

Question 8

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is found to have a low white blood cell count during an inflammatory episode. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia due to autoimmune destruction of WBCs

Question 9

Which stage of wound healing involves the formation of new tissue and granulation?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation

Question 10

A patient with poorly controlled diabetes has delayed wound healing. Which mechanism best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

High blood sugar narrows blood vessels and impairs oxygen/nutrient delivery

Question 11

Which of the following is a systemic manifestation of severe inflammation that can be life-threatening if untreated?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis and septic shock

Question 12

Which of the following is most likely to impair wound healing in an elderly patient?

Accepted Answer

Age-related reduction in blood flow and slower immune response

Question 13

Which process involves leukocytes moving toward the vessel wall, attaching to the endothelium, and squeezing through to reach the site of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Margination, adhesion, and transmigration

Question 14

Which plasma protein, synthesized in the liver, can initiate or amplify the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins

Question 15

A patient develops a wound with pus composed of degraded white blood cells, proteins, and tissue debris. What type of exudate is present?

Accepted Answer

Purulent (suppurative) exudate

Question 16

Which of the following is a local factor that can regulate the healing process?

Accepted Answer

Action of chemical mediators and growth factors

Question 17

A patient with a small, clean surgical wound is most likely to heal by which process?

Accepted Answer

Primary intention

Question 18

Which of the following is a cause of inflammation that is NOT related to infection?

Accepted Answer

Trauma

Question 19

Which eicosanoid is known to promote or inhibit inflammation, pain, and clotting?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 20

A patient with severe tissue injury and significant leakage of red cells from capillaries is most likely to have which type of exudate?

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic exudate

patho 9

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