Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of skin and mucous membranes in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They act as physical barriers in innate immunity, preventing entry of microbes.

Question 2

A patient consumes food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria but does not become ill due to the action of stomach acid. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity, which provides nonspecific immunity.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component or process associated with innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 4

What is the main function of keratin in the epidermis regarding microbial defense?

Accepted Answer

Keratin is hydrophobic, keeping the skin dry and decreasing microbial growth.

Question 5

Which layer of the skin sheds dead cells along with microbes attached to those cells?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a first-line defense that is NOT part of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of a pathogen by an immune cell

Question 7

Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity and why?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity; Antibodies recognize specific antigens/pathogens.

Question 8

Which of the following is a chemical barrier in the first-line defense of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Stomach acid

Question 9

Which statement best explains why the skin is considered a physical barrier in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of tightly packed epithelial cells and keratin, preventing microbial entry.

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in keratin production is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to skin infections due to compromised physical barrier.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of mucous membranes in the first-line defense?

Accepted Answer

Trapping and removing microbes from body surfaces.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of physical barrier in the first-line defense of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 13

Which process is most directly responsible for removing microbes from the skin surface?

Accepted Answer

Shedding of dead epidermal cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the human microbiome in first-line defense?

Accepted Answer

It competes with pathogens for resources, limiting their growth.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the innate immune response to a skin wound?

Accepted Answer

Microbes enter → skin sheds cells → inflammation occurs → immune cells respond

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the dermis in skin immunity?

Accepted Answer

Producing keratin to waterproof the skin

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the first-line defense in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It includes physical, chemical, and microbiome barriers that prevent microbe entry.

Question 18

Which of the following is a chemical defense found in the first-line defense of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Stomach acid

Question 19

Which of the following is a reason why the shedding of epidermal cells is important for immunity?

Accepted Answer

It removes attached microbes from the skin surface.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a barrier included in the first-line defense of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Microbiology Study Guide

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