Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and responds rapidly, whereas adaptive immunity develops over time and is specific to particular antigens.

Question 2

Which of the following is a chemical factor contributing to the skin's role in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Sebum, which lowers skin pH and inhibits microbial growth.

Question 3

A patient presents with a fever after a bacterial infection. Which of the following best explains the physiological mechanism behind fever?

Accepted Answer

Pyrogens stimulate the hypothalamus to increase body temperature.

Question 4

Which of the following leukocytes is primarily responsible for combating parasitic infections and is involved in allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 5

During phagocytosis, which step involves the fusion of a phagosome with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Directly neutralizing viruses by binding to their surface proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space, a process known as competitive inhibition.

Question 8

Which of the following is a physical factor of the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is correct?

Accepted Answer

TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger innate immune responses.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Rapid onset and short duration, typically resolving once the stimulus is removed.

Question 11

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in serum and is the only class able to cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Ig G

Question 12

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus. Which type of acquired immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected or abnormal cells by inducing apoptosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly lysing bacterial cells by forming membrane attack complexes.

Question 15

Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in mucosal secretions and provides protection at mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Ig A

Question 16

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

APCs process and present antigens on MHC molecules to T cells, initiating adaptive immune responses.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the antibody immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen recognition → Activation of B cells → Differentiation into plasma cells → Antibody production

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of leukocytes ($$N$$), the number of granulocytes ($$G$$), and the number of agranulocytes ($$A) in a $$blood sample?

Accepted Answer

$$N = G + A$$

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the second time. Which of the following best describes the immune response?

Accepted Answer

The secondary immune response is faster and more robust due to the presence of memory cells.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards