Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes the innate immune response from the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

The innate immune response is present at birth and responds rapidly to a wide range of pathogens, while the adaptive immune response develops over time and targets specific pathogens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a first line of defense in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by B lymphocytes

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of normal flora in the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites, limiting pathogen colonization.

Question 4

Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 5

Which of the following leukocytes is NOT considered a professional phagocytic cell?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 6

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response by:

Accepted Answer

Detecting conserved molecular patterns found on pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of cytokines in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.

Question 8

During phagocytosis, which of the following sequences correctly describes the stages involved?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Digestion

Question 9

A patient is infected with a bacterium that produces a capsule. Which mechanism is the bacterium using to evade the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Preventing recognition and ingestion by phagocytes

Question 10

Which complement protein is primarily responsible for opsonization, enhancing phagocytosis of pathogens?

Accepted Answer

C3b

Question 11

A patient develops redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the site of a cut. Which process is responsible for these signs?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory response

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of chemotaxis during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

It directs the movement of immune cells toward the site of infection in response to chemical signals.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about fever is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fever is triggered by the hypothalamus in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) released by immune cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a benefit of fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the activity of some immune cells and inhibits the growth of certain microbes.

Question 15

Interferons are most effective against which type of pathogen, and what induces their production?

Accepted Answer

Viruses; induced by viral infection of host cells

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 17

Which of the following complement proteins is responsible for attracting phagocytes to the site of infection (chemotaxis)?

Accepted Answer

C5a

Question 18

A patient with a genetic deficiency in C9 would have impaired formation of which structure, and what would be the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Membrane attack complex; decreased ability to lyse pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following statements about B and T lymphocytes is correct in the context of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

B and T lymphocytes play no role in the innate immune response.

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a pathogen that is quickly neutralized before causing disease. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this rapid response?

Accepted Answer

Action of the innate immune system, including physical barriers and phagocytic cells

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host (Chapter 16) – Study Notes

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