Question 1

Which of the following is a key feature that both innate and adaptive immunity share?

Accepted Answer

They both recognize diverse pathogens.

Question 2

A patient is given broad-spectrum antibiotics for a bacterial infection. Which of the following is a likely consequence regarding their immune system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased diversity of normal microbiota, potentially resulting in underdeveloped immune responses.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of lysozyme in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down bacterial cell walls, especially peptidoglycan.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a first-line defense mechanism of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation of T cells specific to a pathogen.

Question 5

A laboratory animal raised in a microbe-free environment is likely to exhibit which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An underdeveloped immune system due to lack of normal microbiota.

Question 6

Which leukocyte is most likely to increase in number during an acute bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the vascular changes phase of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation, increased vessel permeability, exudate accumulation

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever increases the efficiency of phagocytes and interferons.

Question 9

A patient presents with chronic inflammation. Which of the following is a possible long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of neurodegenerative disorders or cancer.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Disrupt pathogen cell walls and membranes.

Question 11

Which of the following iron-binding proteins is found in tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk?

Accepted Answer

Lactoferrin

Question 12

A pathogenic bacterium produces siderophores. What is the primary function of these molecules?

Accepted Answer

To sequester iron away from host iron-binding proteins.

Question 13

Which complement activation outcome involves the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Accepted Answer

Cytolysis

Question 14

Which cytokine family is primarily responsible for stimulating inflammation and generating fever?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family

Question 15

During the leukocyte recruitment phase of inflammation, which process describes the movement of WBCs out of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between fever and body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$T_{body} = T_{set} + \Delta T_{pyrogen}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the activation of complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins are present in inactive form and activated by pathogen presence.

Question 18

A patient with a fever of 105°F that does not decrease with treatment is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Life-threatening complications.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of mast cells in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine to stimulate inflammation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if the resolution phase of inflammation fails to occur?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation and ongoing tissue damage.

Innate Immunity: Principles and Features (Chapter 11 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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