Question 1

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a yeast infection caused by Candida albicans after taking antibiotics. Which of the following best explains why antibiotics can lead to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics disrupt the normal bacterial microbiota, reducing competition and allowing Candida albicans to proliferate.

Question 5

Which of the following transport mechanisms is used by eukaryotic cells to import dissolved substances in small vesicles, and what is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis; endocytosis of dissolved substances

Question 6

Which of the following features is shared by mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria, but not by the eukaryotic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA

Question 7

A sample from a patient’s vaginal swab is observed under a light microscope. Which feature would help a practitioner distinguish Candida albicans from bacteria in the sample?

Accepted Answer

Larger cell size and budding yeast cells

Question 8

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S, while mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

A pathogenic protozoan is observed to move using pseudopodia. Which group does it most likely belong to, and what is a common human pathogen in this group?

Accepted Answer

Amoeboid protozoans; Entamoeba histolytica

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about fungal spores?

Accepted Answer

Asexual spores arise from mitosis and include conidiospores and sporangiospores.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why fluconazole is effective against yeast infections but does not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, a component of fungal cell membranes not found in human cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 14

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern and move in a wave-like motion.

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with malaria, a disease caused by a spore-forming protozoan. Which of the following statements about this group is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are obligate intracellular parasites with complex life cycles including sexual and asexual stages.

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fungal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell walls lack peptidoglycan and are composed mainly of chitin.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of contractile vacuoles in certain protists?

Accepted Answer

They regulate osmotic pressure to prevent cell lysis in hypotonic environments.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protozoan group and its mode of motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagellated protozoans – flagella

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down substances engulfed by the cell using hydrolytic enzymes

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Endosymbiotic Theory and Cell Structure

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