Question 1

Which of the following provides the strongest evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles have their own circular DNA and double-membrane structures.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a defined nucleus, multiple linear chromosomes, and membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which process in eukaryotic cells results in the production of four genetically unique haploid cells from one diploid parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

During phagocytosis, what is the correct sequence of events leading to the destruction of most cells and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Engulfment → Formation of phagosome → Fusion with lysosome → Formation of phagolysosome → Hydrolytic enzyme action

Question 5

Which transport mechanism is primarily responsible for importing dissolved substances in small vesicles into eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 6

If a pathogen escapes from the phagosome into the cytoplasm before fusion with the lysosome, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The pathogen replicates in the cytoplasm and may cause disease.

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly compares eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the chromosome number in mitosis versus meiosis for a diploid parent cell with $2n$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis: $2n \rightarrow 2n$; Meiosis: $2n \rightarrow n$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Use 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 10

A cell is observed to perform receptor-mediated endocytosis. Which of the following steps occurs FIRST in this process?

Accepted Answer

Ligands bind to specific cell-surface receptors

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It allows for genetic recombination, increasing genetic diversity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence if a eukaryotic cell undergoes more endocytosis than exocytosis over time?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane surface area will decrease.

Question 13

Which type of cell division is most similar to the way mitochondria replicate within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 14

Which of the following statements about animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells obtain organic carbon from nutrients.

Question 15

Which of the following is a specialized immune system cell that destroys pathogens by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 16

Which process exports substances out of the cell and helps remove waste products?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genomes of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have larger genomes and multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis of dissolved substances in small vesicles ('cell drinking')

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 20

Which of the following organisms is most likely to carry out photosynthesis using chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Evolution, and Transport Mechanisms CHAPTER 4

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