Question 1

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They possess their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for generating genetic diversity during sexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 3

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell engulfing a large, undissolved particle. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which type of fungal spore is produced by mitosis and does not result in genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Conidiospore

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a yeast infection caused by Candida albicans after antibiotic therapy. Why did the antibacterial drug not prevent the yeast infection?

Accepted Answer

Antibacterial drugs target prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic fungi.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

They have a nine-plus-two arrangement of microtubules.

Question 9

Which kingdom contains organisms that are mostly multicellular, do not carry out photosynthesis, and absorb nutrients from their environment?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 10

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in four haploid gametes from one parent cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It involves the binding of ligands to specific cell-surface receptors and formation of clathrin-coated vesicles.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They are found in all prokaryotic cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of septate hyphae in fungi?

Accepted Answer

They have divisions between each cell, appearing as a string of individual cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down engulfed substances.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded sterols.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of contractile vacuoles in some protists?

Accepted Answer

Regulating osmotic pressure to prevent cell lysis in hypotonic environments

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protozoan group and its mode of movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagellated protozoans – flagella

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about fungal diseases (mycoses)?

Accepted Answer

They can be caused by disruption of normal microbiota or in immunocompromised hosts.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They serve as roadways for cargo movement and help separate chromosomes during cell division.

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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