Question 1

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles possess their own circular DNA and replicate by a process similar to binary fission.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a cell wall made of chitin, 80S ribosomes, and the ability to absorb nutrients from its environment. Which kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails. The causative agent is a true pathogen that produces tinea. Which group does this fungus belong to?

Accepted Answer

Dermatophytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

A researcher observes a eukaryotic cell engulfing a large bacterium. Which process is most likely occurring, and which type of cell is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis by a phagocyte

Question 7

Which of the following is a key structural difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can avoid lysing in a hypotonic environment?

Accepted Answer

They have a cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support against osmotic pressure.

Question 9

A eukaryotic cell is observed to have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid production and detoxification of substances

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the type of fungal spore with its method of formation?

Accepted Answer

Sporangiospores are formed by mitosis and are asexual.

Question 11

A protist is discovered that moves by gliding, lacks flagella and cilia, and is an obligate intracellular parasite. Which group does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Spore-forming protozoans (Apicomplexa)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a double-membrane structure, its own circular DNA, and 70S ribosomes. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where ribosomal subunits begin their development.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to eukaryotic plasma membranes compared to prokaryotic plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

High content of sterols such as cholesterol

Question 16

A patient presents with symptoms of ergotism (seizures, psychosis, nausea). Which fungal toxin is most likely responsible, and which organism produces it?

Accepted Answer

Ergot toxin produced by Claviceps purpurea

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, but chloroplasts are only found in plant and some protist cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are required for ATP production in all eukaryotic cells, while chloroplasts are only needed for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes in gametes produced by meiosis, if the parent cell is diploid with $2n$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$n$

Question 19

A eukaryotic cell is observed to have a continuous chain of hyphae with many nuclei and no divisions between cells. Which type of hyphae is this?

Accepted Answer

Aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Ligands bind to specific cell-surface receptors, triggering vesicle formation for selective import.

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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