Question 1

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain 70S ribosomes and circular DNA similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a defined nucleus, multiple linear chromosomes, and several membrane-bound organelles. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryote, such as a protist or fungus.

Question 3

Which process results in four genetically unique haploid cells from a single diploid parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

During which type of endocytosis does the cell engulf dissolved substances in small vesicles, often referred to as 'cell drinking'?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes mitosis from meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 6

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium, forming a phagosome. What is the next step in the destruction of the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have a single circular chromosome.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the chromosome number in mitosis versus meiosis for a diploid cell with $$2n$$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis: $$2n \rightarrow 2n$$; Meiosis: $$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It involves the binding of specific ligands to cell-surface receptors, followed by vesicle formation.

Question 10

Which kingdom contains organisms that are all multicellular, do not carry out photosynthesis, and obtain organic carbon from nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Animalia

Question 11

A cell is observed to take in large, undissolved particles by surrounding them with its plasma membrane. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of meiosis that increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which vesicles deliver their contents to the plasma membrane for export.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding parasitic helminths?

Accepted Answer

They are multicellular eukaryotes with complex life cycles, often spread in microscopic form.

Question 15

If a eukaryotic cell had a mutation preventing the formation of clathrin-coated pits, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cell division is generally longer in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have larger genomes and more organelles to replicate.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome during phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It fuses with the phagosome to form a phagolysosome, where hydrolytic enzymes digest the engulfed material.

Question 18

Which of the following kingdoms includes organisms that carry out photosynthesis and contain chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 19

If a cell had more endocytosis than exocytosis over time, what would likely happen to the cell's plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane would decrease in size.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

chap 4 micro

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