Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes acellular microbes?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular structure and metabolic machinery, and include viruses and prions.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life found in viruses, according to Table 3.1?

Accepted Answer

Growth

Question 3

A scientist isolates a microbe from a patient with a respiratory infection. To prove it causes the disease, which sequence of steps should be followed according to Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

Isolate the microbe, grow it in pure culture, infect healthy animals, and recover the same microbe from the animals.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why most viruses require a host cell to replicate?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack metabolic machinery necessary for independent replication.

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for bacterial motility and can rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 6

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water will move out.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx capsule?

Accepted Answer

Prevents recognition by host immune system

Question 8

Gram-negative bacterial cell walls differ from gram-positive cell walls in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative walls have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide.

Question 9

Which of the following transport processes across bacterial cytoplasmic membranes requires energy from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following statements about archaea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Archaeal cell walls are composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan.

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of internal membrane-bound organelles

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Adherence to surfaces and formation of biofilms

Question 13

A scientist observes a unicellular organism with a nucleus, cell wall, and the ability to reproduce asexually by budding. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Fungi (Yeast)

Question 14

Which of the following statements about protozoa is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are single-celled eukaryotes capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason why antibiotics may become less effective against bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria can acquire resistance genes from other bacteria.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cytoplasm of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It contains the nucleoid region where DNA is located.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins from mRNA templates

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

It describes the membrane as a dynamic structure composed of lipids and proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

Provide resistance to extreme conditions such as heat and chemicals

Question 20

A cell uses ATP to transport two different molecules across its membrane in opposite directions. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Antiport

Introduction to Microbiology: Microbes, Classification, and Bacterial Structure

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