Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of normal microbiota in human health?

Accepted Answer

Normal microbiota prevent the growth of pathogens and produce growth factors such as vitamins.

Question 2

Which of the following is a unique feature of bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

They are made up of peptidoglycans, a carbohydrate and protein complex.

Question 3

A scientist discovers a microorganism that lives in extremely salty environments and lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial activity of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Causing infectious diseases

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They can only replicate inside a living host cell and are inert outside of hosts.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for the bacterium that causes most urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

$Escherichia coli$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about archaea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Archaea often live in extreme environments such as hot springs and salt lakes.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to clean up an oil spill in the ocean.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium divides into two genetically identical cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct hierarchical order in the classification of microorganisms, from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

Question 11

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to penicillin, methicillin, and vancomycin. Which of the following best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

It is a strain of MRSA that is also vancomycin-resistant.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to produce human insulin for diabetic patients.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why gene therapy can be used to treat genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

It uses a harmless virus to deliver a missing or functional gene into host cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fungi compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have a nucleus and can be multicellular, while bacteria lack a nucleus and are unicellular.

Question 15

A researcher is studying a microorganism that is unicellular, lacks a nucleus, and obtains energy from inorganic chemicals. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which Bacillus thuringiensis is used in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

It produces protein crystals toxic to insect digestive systems, providing pest control.

Question 17

Which of the following emerging infectious diseases is transmitted by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito and can cause severe birth defects if contracted during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Zika virus disease

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about protozoa?

Accepted Answer

Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that may move using pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics, such as cell walls and ribosomes.

Question 20

A hospital is experiencing an outbreak of a disease caused by a microorganism that can only replicate inside living host cells and is inert outside of them. Which type of microorganism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Ch. 1

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