Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess both.

Question 2

Which domain(s) include prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

A bacterium that can take on different shapes depending on environmental conditions is described as:

Accepted Answer

Pleomorphic

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why most prokaryotic cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Their nutrients are obtained through diffusion, which is limited by surface area-to-volume ratio.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a typical shape found in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 7

A patient presents with severe diarrhea and dehydration after drinking contaminated water. The causative agent is a comma-shaped bacterium. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae

Question 8

Which of the following arrangements describes chains of rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 9

During binary fission, what is the correct order of events?

Accepted Answer

DNA is copied, cell grows, chromosomes segregate, septum forms, daughter cells separate

Question 10

Which component is found in the cell wall of bacteria but NOT in archaea?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A thin, flexible phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and aiding in adhesion to surfaces

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane fluidity in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids prevent tight packing and improve fluidity in the cold.

Question 16

Which of the following structures is used by prokaryotic cells for motility and is built from the protein flagellin?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of porins in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They form nonspecific channels allowing substances to pass through the outer membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a medically important spore-forming bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium botulinum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of sporulation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a metabolically inactive, highly resistant structure during harsh conditions

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal plasma membranes compared to bacterial plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of long-branched fatty acids and sometimes lipid monolayers

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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