Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Which process is used by bacteria for reproduction and results in two genetically identical cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 3

A Gram-negative bacterium is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that protects the peptidoglycan layer.

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for motility in many prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 6

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It protects the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mainly of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 9

Which transport process requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

A scientist observes a bacterium with a thick, uniform layer outside the cell wall that stains negatively. What is this structure most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A region where the cell's circular DNA is located

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why Gram staining is clinically important?

Accepted Answer

It helps guide antibiotic treatment by distinguishing cell wall types.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration via a protein channel, without energy input

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 17

A patient is infected with a bacterium that resists phagocytosis and survives desiccation. Which structure is most likely responsible for these properties?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides rigidity and structural support to the cell wall.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of osmosis in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into a bacterial cell placed in a hypotonic solution, causing it to swell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They help bacteria adhere to surfaces.

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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