Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Their small size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, enhancing nutrient uptake by diffusion.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key structural difference between the plasma membranes of Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have linear fatty acids in their phospholipids, while Archaea have long-branched fatty acids.

Question 3

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated, the cell elongates, a septum forms, and two daughter cells are produced.

Question 5

Which of the following arrangements describes a chain of rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 6

A clinical sample is stained and observed under a microscope. The cells appear pink and rod-shaped. Which of the following is the most likely identity of the sample?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacilli

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Stabilize the cell wall and help maintain cell shape

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why acid-fast bacteria require long, multidrug therapies for treatment?

Accepted Answer

Their waxy mycolic acid cell wall prevents drugs from easily entering the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy and can move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A bacterium is found to have a well-organized, tightly associated glycocalyx. What is the correct term for this structure, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Capsule; protects against desiccation and enhances adherence to surfaces

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They build proteins by linking amino acids together.

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of the cell wall of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea use pseudopeptidoglycan, while Bacteria use peptidoglycan.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of periplasmic flagella in spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

They allow movement in a corkscrew motion.

Question 14

A patient is infected with a bacterium that lacks a cell wall but has a sterol-enriched plasma membrane. Which genus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to chemical agents than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a selective barrier, excluding many harmful substances.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the phosphotransferase system in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It transfers a high-energy phosphate group onto the substance being transported, commonly used for glucose uptake.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for the formation of biofilms in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 18

A laboratory technician observes a bacterium with flagella located at both poles of the cell. What is the correct term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of sporulation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA, packaging it with ribosomes and enzymes, surrounding with resistant layers, and releasing the spore.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of useful substances such as carbon-fixing enzymes or magnetic iron.

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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