Question 1

Which of the following best describes the genetic material found in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but never both.

Question 2

A scientist observes a virus with a polyhedral nucleocapsid and a helical tail. Which type of virus is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Complex bacteriophage

Question 3

Which step in the animal virus multiplication cycle involves the release of the viral nucleic acid from the capsid?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating

Question 4

What is the main function of viral spikes found on the envelope of animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate attachment to host cells

Question 5

Which of the following statements about prions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prions are misfolded proteins with no nucleic acid.

Question 6

A virus with a segmented RNA genome is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Possess multiple separate RNA pieces

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing DNA from an RNA template in retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 8

During the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, what is the final step?

Accepted Answer

Cell lysis and release of virions

Question 9

Which of the following best explains lysogeny in bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

The phage genome integrates into the host genome and remains inactive.

Question 10

A patient presents with cold sores that recur periodically. Which viral property is most likely responsible for this clinical presentation?

Accepted Answer

Chronic latent infection

Question 11

Which of the following viruses is known to be oncogenic and associated with cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Papillomavirus

Question 12

Which method is commonly used to cultivate animal viruses in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Tissue (cell) culture

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a viroid?

Accepted Answer

A short piece of RNA with no protein coat, infecting plants

Question 14

Which process allows enveloped animal viruses to exit the host cell without immediately destroying it?

Accepted Answer

Budding or exocytosis

Question 15

A virus is observed to have a capsid with 20 sides and 12 corners. What is the structural type of this capsid?

Accepted Answer

Icosahedral

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of lysogenic conversion in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria produce toxins or enzymes causing pathology

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of capsomers in viral structure?

Accepted Answer

Capsomers are protein subunits that make up the capsid.

Question 18

Which of the following viruses is most likely to be released from the host cell by cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

Nonenveloped and complex virus

Question 19

A researcher is studying a virus that can only be visualized using an electron microscope and is less than $$0.2 \mu m in $$size. What does this indicate about the virus?

Accepted Answer

It is a typical virus

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical method for identifying animal viral infections in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Growth on nutrient agar

Introduction to Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Classification, and Replication

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