Question 1

Which of the following antibacterial drugs inhibits the conversion of UDP-NAG to UDP-NAM by blocking pyruvyl transferase?

Accepted Answer

Phosphonomycin

Question 2

A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that binds to the terminal D-ala-D-ala chains on NAM peptides, preventing transglycosylation and transpeptidation. Which drug is this?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Question 3

Which class of antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes, causing misreading of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycosides

Question 4

Which of the following drugs is effective against Gram-negative bacteria but is toxic to human kidneys due to its disruption of cytoplasmic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Polymyxin

Question 5

A patient with a mycobacterial infection is treated with a drug that blocks the gene for an enzyme that forms mycolic acid. Which drug is being used?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Question 6

Which antifungal drug inhibits the synthesis of the glucan subunit of the fungal cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Echinocandins

Question 7

Which antiviral drug class works by blocking the active site of the protease enzyme required by HIV near the end of its replication cycle?

Accepted Answer

Protease inhibitors

Question 8

A patient is prescribed a drug that acts as a PABA analog, binding to the enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid. Which drug is this?

Accepted Answer

Sulfonamides

Question 9

Which of the following drugs inhibits DNA gyrase, an enzyme necessary for proper coiling and uncoiling of replicating bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

Fluoroquinolones

Question 10

Which antihelminthic drug class inhibits microtubule formation and glucose uptake, thereby disrupting metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Benzimidazole derivatives

Question 11

A patient with a protozoan infection is treated with a drug that interrupts the electron transport chain. Which drug is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Atovaquone

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is a nucleotide analog that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis after activation by a virally encoded kinase enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Question 13

Which antifungal drug binds with molecules of ergosterol, forming a pore through the fungal membrane and leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents?

Accepted Answer

Amphotericin B

Question 14

Which antibacterial drug blocks the secretion of NAG and NAM from the cytoplasm by binding the lipid carrier bactoprenol and preventing its dephosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Bacitracin

Question 15

A patient is prescribed a drug that binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, preventing movement of the ribosome from one codon to the next. Which class of drugs is this?

Accepted Answer

Lincosamides

Question 16

Which antiviral drug prevents influenza virus from attaching to host cells by inhibiting neuraminidase?

Accepted Answer

Zanamivir

Question 17

Which antiprotozoan drug binds to nucleic acids, inhibiting replication, transcription, and translation?

Accepted Answer

Pentamidine

Question 18

Which drug is used to treat HIV by inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase and is more likely to be incorporated by the enzyme than by host DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Azidothymidine

Question 19

Which antibacterial drug binds to the enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, thereby inhibiting folic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim

Question 20

A patient is prescribed a drug that selectively binds to bacterial tRNA carrying leucine, preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into polypeptides. Which drug is this?

Accepted Answer

Mupirocin

Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Drugs

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