Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the bacterial genome?

Accepted Answer

It is a single, circular, haploid chromosome found in the nucleoid region without a specific location.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly pairs the components of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose sugar, thymine, and hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 3

Which equation best represents the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$DNA_{parental} \rightarrow DNA_{hybrid} + DNA_{hybrid}$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that provide extra benefits such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 5

During prokaryotic DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the 3' end?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic replication is bidirectional from a single origin, while eukaryotic replication has multiple origins per chromosome.

Question 7

What is the primary function of DNA methylation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

To distinguish new DNA from old DNA and protect against viral infection

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the sequence of DNA, which influences the phenotype, or observable traits.

Question 9

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component required for transcription in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of a promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is a DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about repressible and inducible operons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Inducible operons are usually off and can be turned on by an inducer, while repressible operons are usually on and can be turned off by a corepressor.

Question 13

In the regulation of the trp operon, what is the role of the corepressor?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the repressor protein, enabling it to bind to the operator and block transcription.

Question 14

Which of the following best distinguishes spontaneous mutations from induced mutations?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous mutations occur naturally during DNA replication, while induced mutations result from exposure to mutagens.

Question 15

How do nucleotide analogs increase mutation rates in DNA?

Accepted Answer

They mimic normal bases but pair incorrectly during replication, leading to base substitutions.

Question 16

Which DNA repair mechanism is primarily used by bacteria to fix UV-induced thymine dimers?

Accepted Answer

Photoreactivation (light repair)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes bacterial transformation?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a competent cell

Question 18

Which process involves the transfer of bacterial DNA from one cell to another via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 19

What is the main difference between generalized and specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Generalized transduction can transfer any bacterial gene, while specialized transduction transfers only specific genes near the prophage site.

Question 20

How does the presence of an F plasmid affect a bacterial population?

Accepted Answer

It enables bacteria to form pili and transfer genetic material via conjugation.

CH 7

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