Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded, anti-parallel molecule with base pairing rules A-T, G-C

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the 3' end?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the precursor monomer for DNA synthesis and is also the energy molecule in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 4

A mutation changes the DNA sequence AAA to AAG. What is the most likely outcome at the protein level?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation due to redundancy in the genetic code

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why beneficial mutations are less likely to be represented in later generations compared to harmful ones?

Accepted Answer

Beneficial mutations may not confer a strong enough advantage to be selected for

Question 6

In the process of translation, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is correct?

Accepted Answer

The lac operon is only expressed when lactose is present and needed

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms allows bacteria to acquire new genetic information from the environment, such as DNA released from dead cells?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 9

A bacterium with an F plasmid can transfer genetic material to another bacterium via which process?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes generalized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Any gene from the donor cell can be transferred to the recipient cell by a virus

Question 11

During DNA replication, which enzyme seals adjacent DNA fragments together?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 12

Which of the following is a possible outcome of a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

Substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein

Question 13

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Directs the ribosome to put in place the specific sequence of amino acids for a polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the direction of synthesis during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 15

A mutation in the gene encoding a ribosomal protein results in a ribosome that cannot shift three nucleotides down the mRNA. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The polypeptide chain will not elongate properly, leading to incomplete proteins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Only genes near the viral insertion site are transferred to the recipient cell

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Translational

Question 18

If a mutation causes a change in the codon from UUU to UUC, both coding for phenylalanine, what type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 19

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, circular, autonomously replicating DNA molecules

Question 20

A researcher wants to transfer a specific antibiotic resistance gene from one bacterium to another using a bacteriophage. Which process should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology ~ Chp 8

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